Denial and deception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Denial and deception - Essay Example The particulars of D&D thus deserve closer academic scrutiny. According to Shulsky (2000, p. 17), â€Å"‘Denial’ refers to the attempt to block all information channels by which an adversary could learn some truth (e.g., about a military development program, a policy, a course of action, etc.), thus preventing him from reacting in a timely manner.† Thus, â€Å"denial† includes all methods that may be employed in order to safeguard information that may be â€Å"classified†, such as security programs. Shulsky also wrote: â€Å"’Deception’ by contrast refers to the effort to cause an adversary to believe something that is not true, to believe a ‘cover story’ rather than the truth, with the goal of leading him to react in a way that serves one’s own interests, rather than his.† â€Å"Deception† therefore involves creating an â€Å"alternative reality† which the target is induced to believe. While denial and deception are two different concepts, they are so intertwined in practice as to make one a necessary adjunct to the other. After all, deceiving one into believing a story other than what is reality is denying him the reality. According to (Caddell, 2004), deception is traditionally accepted as an integral component of political and military conflict. It is even a popularly accepted truth that a certain level of deception regularly occurs in all levels and types of human interaction and even in nature. Disinformation/deception, however, should not be confused with unintentional misinformation. Deception has two elements: intention to disinform, and intention to gain an advantage from the disinformation. In nature, deception exists in some forms of natural defense among flora and fauna. For instance, protective coloration or â€Å"camouflage† is common, in order to visually conceal the plant or animal in its natural habitat. Some animals are

Solving exams questions for Corporate Risk Management Essay - 1

Solving exams questions for Corporate Risk Management - Essay Example The pure loss exposure of a company in terms of assets is that the company may lose the value of its assets to zero due to some uncontrollable risk events. The assets such as property may be lost in its value because of natural disasters such as earth quakes, tsunami etc. Example includes the companies like Nestle has big manufacturing plants internationally, that are exposed to its asset loss such as property, furniture fixtures, plant destruction etc because of uncontrollable events such as earthquakes (Williams, et al., 1998). The exposure that may arise because of the possibility of financial loss to the business is referred to as Personnel Loss Exposure. The loss to the business because of death, retirement or sickness of the key employee of the company is referred to as personnel loss. The death of Steve jobs gave significant financial loss to Apple Inc. The reason was that the Steve jobs was considered as the one who managed Apple Inc., with his innovative ideas (Williams, et al., 1998). The exposure that may arise because of the claim against the monetary damages is referred to as liability loss exposure. It creates legal responsibility of the company or person, to pay for injury or damages to another party. The insurance company takes the responsibility to pay off the damages against the liability created on the insurer. It refers to as the indirect loss exposure to the assets of the company. The most common example of consequential loss is the firm losses his clients and business because of street closure or strikes. Therefore, the consequential loss exposure is the exposure to the implied losses that may arise due to unexpected circumstances. The firm may abandon the loss exposure if the exposure already exists. This can be explained with the help of example of pharmaceutical company, which may not sell particular product because the chances of loss